Background and Objectives: Evapotranspiration (ET) is an importantparameter for climatological and hydrological studies, aswell as for irrigation planning and management. Evaluation of simple reference evapotranspiration (ETo) methods has received considerable attention in developing countries where the weather data needed to estimate ETo by the Penman– Monteith FAO 56 (PMF-56) model are often incomplete and/or not available. So, The purpose of this study was evaluation and comparison 30 different methods according to PMF-56 method and determination the best equation as a replacement to PMF-56 in the warmarid climate of Zahedan city. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 commonly used ETo equations that belonged to four groups: (1) pan evaporation-based methods, (2) temperature-based methods (3) radiation-based methods, and (4) mass transfer-based methods were evaluated against the PMF-56 standard model; and the best and worst equations of each category were determined from the Zahedan station located in a warm arid climate. Results: Initially, in each group the monthly mean values ETo (using 30 model) were determined and compared their relativeperformancewith respect to PMF-56 ETo estimates in the study. The ETo calculated by the Snyder equation (R2=0. 85, NRMSE=0. 08, PE=8. 30), Hargreaves-4 (R2=0. 93, NRMSE=0. 04, PE=8. 33), Turk 24 (R2=0. 96, NRMSE=0. 03, PE=6. 52) and Dalton (R2=0. 81, NRMSE=0. 18, PE=12. 89), pan evaporation-based, temperature-based, radiation-based and mass transfer-based respectively bestmatched the ETo estimates by the PMF-56 equation withthe lowest errors rates. Conclusion: In general, the comparativeresults showed that the mass transfer-based equationshad the worst performances, while the radiation-based andtemperature-based models (as Turk, Jensen-Haise, Hargreaves-4 and Blaney-Criddle) were the best-suited equations forestimating ETo in this warm arid climate (Zahedan). Considering the unavailability of full weather data for applying the PMF-56 model for estimation of ETo in many regions of the worldand in different parts of the Iran, especially in developing countries, the results will be useful for choosing the simpler ETo methods in warm arid climates.

Azad is a new high-yielding chickpea (Cicer ari e tinum L.) cultivar for rainfed areas, resistant to ascochyta blight, with erect growth habit a nd large s eed size de v eloped at the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI). The pure line FLIP 93-93 (FLIP85- l22C I FLIP82-150C II FLIP86-77C) along with other lines were received from ICARDA through CIYT-W-MR-96 experiment in 1996. It was evaluated in preliminary, A test and B test trials for seed yield, agronomic performance and diseases in Sara rood, Kohdashat, Ilam, Gachsaran, and Gonbad research stations during 1997-2003. Due to high potential yield and desirable characters, it was selected and forwarded to trials for stability of seed yield carried out at those stations for three cropping seasons (2001-04) under rainfed condition. FLIP93-93 with a mean seed yield of 1181 kgha-1 in Kermanshah, Lorestan, Ilam and 2258kgha-1 in Gonbad and Gachsaran produced significantly higher yield than checks. Result s of statistical analysis on seed yield, u s ing different methods of stability showed that this line was one of the most stable genotypes. FLIP93-93 together with 66 advance lines were evaluated for resistance to different races of Ascochyta rabiei under field condition at Gorgan, Kermanshah and Gachsaran research stations and in greenhouse in Varamin during 2002-2004. The results showed that this line was highly resistants to the disease in field condition and to 5 races in greenhouse. In on - farm experiments in two locations in Kermanshah (Bisoton and Bilevar) during 2001-2002 FLIP93-93 with 1062 and 803kgha-1 produced significantly higher yield than the local check (Bivanij). In three locations of Kermanshah (Kozaran, Bilevar and Doroodferaman) in farmrs field, this line with 1377, 1100 and 1263 kgha-1 produced 52, 43, 96 percent higher yield than Bivanij. Its yield in two farmer fields in Lorestan was also 15% and 23% higher than the yield of the check cultivar Greet, and in Golestan 25% higher than Hashem, an improved chickpea cultivar. FLIP93-93 was officially registered by Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization in 2008 as a new chickpea cultivar named Azad, for cultivation in moderate and semi warm climate of Iran.

Performance of a gas turbine mainly depends on the inlet air temperature. The power output of a gas turbine depends on the flow of mass through it. This is precisely the reason why on hot days, when air is less dense, power output falls. The objective here is to assess the advanced systems applied in reducing the gas turbine intake air temperature and examine the merits from integration of the different air-cooling methods in two 25 MW gas-turbine-based gas pipeline stations. Four different intake air-cooling systems are applied in two pipeline gas stations. The calculations made on annual basis of operation.The techno-economic and exergoeconomic analysis of heat recovery of gas exhaust is assessed for Turbo-compressor Station through this proposed inlet air cooling system. Modifications are applied on a MAPNA 25 MW gas turbine in compressor station. The configuration of gas turbines in compressor station is based on (3+1) arrangement. In this context, a heat recovery steam generator and a steam turbine are added for three gas turbines as a proposed combined cycle.The case study is run on Assaloyeh and Qom pipeline gas stations in Iran Gas Trunk line 8. Thermodynamic simulation, mechanical design and economic analysis are run in Thermoflow (GT PRO module) software. The thermodynamic, economics and exergoeconomic parameters from integration of different cooling systems in this proposed combined cycle are calculated and compared.

Line N-78-14 with the pedigree of SHA4/CHIL CM91099-25Y-OM-3N-1Y-OYZO10M- OY-3M-O10 was obtained from CIMMYT, Mexico in 1996 through High Rainfall Wheat Screening Nursery. Preliminary evaluation of the genotypes in International Nursery in Gorgan and Sari Research Stations during 1996-97 cropping season, resulted in selection of this line as one of the most high yielding genotypes. Selected lines were evaluated in preliminary regional wheat yield trials of north warm and humid climate in 1997-98 in four locations of Gorgan, Sari, Gonbad and Moghan. Line N-78-14 together with other selected lines were tested then in advanced regional wheat yiled trial (ARWYTN) in 1998-79, and later in ellite regional wheat yield trials (ERWYT-N) for three years in four locations. In all these experiments line N-78-14 was the most high yielding line compared to the check cultivar and other lines. Evaluation of line N-78-14 for resistance to different diseases in special disease nurseries in different locations under artificial inoculations indicated that in most locations, this line was resistant or moderately resistant to yellow rust and leaf rust while tolerated well fusarium head blight and septoria leaf blotch diseases. Line N-78-14 has been evaluated as a good baking quality wheat containing high molecular weight glutenine allels 2*, 7+9 and 5+10. Due to high yield, yield stability and compatibility, resistance to diseases and good baking quality, this line was introduced as Darya in 2006 for cultivation in warm humid climate regions of Khazar, Iran.

Due to low energy price, economic optimization of consumption has no justification for users in Iran. Nowadays, the issue of ending fossil fuels, production of greenhouse gases and the main role of building in consumption of considerable amount of energy has drawn the focus of global researches to a new concept called net zero energy building. In this study, modeling, simulation and energy analysis have been used for considered building in Zahedan weather condition which has a dry and warm climate to draw the related equations and perform analysis. Multi-Objective optimization has been performed for simultaneous reduction of total energy consumption and total cost where the main decision making variables including thermal comfort, cooling, heating and lighting systems and other variables have been influential. The comparison of an ordinary optimized building and the intended optimized building which uses renewable energy resources indicates that it is possible to get to net zero energy building in addition to selling surplus 2 MWh electrical energy to electricity grid with simultaneous use of solar and wind renewable energies.

In order to study the stability of promising cultigens of barley, 20 lines and varieties from earlier yield trials were studied in an RCBD with four replications were evaluated in uniformity trials during 2001-2003. The simple and combined analysis of variance were done for grain yield and the effect of year location genotype, genotype year, genotype location, year location and the three way interaction of year by location by genotypes were calculated.The combined analysis revealed that the effect of genotypes, year, location interaction, the interaction of year, location, genotypes and genotypes by year were significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels. Treatment 10 produced 4.691 t/ha respectively and they were ranked first compared to the genotype and more adaptable that the other varieties. In stability analysis, they showed superiority over others. Based on the results, genotype 10 might be introduced and nominated as the most stable variety of barley with the highest yield.

In order to determine stability and reaction of durum wheat promising genotypes in dry and warm region of Iran, 18 durum wheat promising lines in 5 stations including Khorramabad, Ahvaz, Darab, Dezful and Zabul, along with commercial bread wheat and Karkheh cultivars as checks, based on randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications and two croping season (2007-2009) were evaluated. To evaluate genotype-environment interaction and determine of stable genotypes, ten stability statistics were calculated (bi, S2di, R2i, Di, DI, Si , PEGi, qi ,q(i) and GAI). Based on the results of the above statistics genotypes 1, 3, 5, 14, 16 and 17 in most methods showed varying degrees of the general stability. In general, genotypes 3 (AJAIA_12/F3LOCAL (SEL.ETHIO.135.85)//...), 5 (NUS / SULA / / 5 * NUS/4/SULA/RBCE_ ...), 14 (CNDO / PRIMADUR / / HAI-OU_17/3/SN TURK MI83-84 375 /...) and 16 (ADAMAR_15//ALBIA_1/ALTAR 84/3/SN TURK MI83-84..) with the average yield of 6.009, 5.926, 5.912 and 6.186 tons per hectare, respectively, had a better general stability and adaptability, consequently, these genotypes are advisable for dry and warm climate in Iran.